Showing posts with label re. Show all posts
Showing posts with label re. Show all posts

one of the biggest LSAT Logical Reasoning mistakes I see

is when students don't know the difference between necessary and sufficient assumption questions!

Both Necessary Assumption and Sufficient Assumption questions contain the word "assumption" within the question stem. Thing is - they ask for very different things!!!

This is why it's misleading (and often confusing) to simply refer to both types under the catch-all category of "Assumption" questions.
xkcd comic


Basically, the presence of the word "assumption" doesn't tell you what type of question you're dealing with, and neither does the word "justify".

So...how do you tell the difference?

Instead of focusing on the noun "assumption," focus on the verb in the question stem.


Necessary Assumption questions often contain the words:

"Depends"

"Requires"

"Relies"

"Assumes"



Sufficient Assumption questions often contain the words:

"Follows logically if...assumed"

"Properly inferred/drawn if...assumed"

"Enables"

"Allows"



But that's just the short version.




Get the full details (along with TONS of examples) in this article I wrote:

Steve


P.S. Here's a reply I got in response to my last article about study drugs:

I was a swimmer for roughly 17 years and my career finished when my time as an undergraduate student was over. I was up at 4 in the morning practicing for about 2 hours, going to school throughout the day, and then going back to practice for 2-3 hours at night and I had this routine for all of high school and all of college. More often than not, I'd have to study after my second practice so I was up all night as well. I always thought I had issues absorbing information and paying attention because I was exhausted but then when I went to grad school and obviously didn't have swimming anymore, I was still struggling to concentrate. At the time, I just attributed it to being miserable as a grad student because the program ended up being different than what I thought it would be going in.

Fast forward about two years after graduating from grad school and I took a job as a paralegal where I had to start reading really lengthy and technical documents. I also had to read a ton of depositions and I found myself having to reread things a million times over just to understand what people were talking about. Reading and retaining were extremely draining and by 2 or 3 in the afternoon I was barely holding on. I still get up really early every day, but it isn't to the same degree as when I was swimming and having trouble focusing was starting to produce a lot stress in my life. I wanted to be very good at my job and I felt like I was getting in my own way. I also started studying for the LSAT about 6 months in to starting my paralegal job which meant that I was studying every night after work at a point in the day when I was pretty drained. I decided I had had enough and I didn't want to let issues concentrating get in the way of my academic or professional goals. I was also drinking a ton of caffeine and I was concerned that I was starting to get to daily doses to keep myself going that were dangerous for my health. I went to a doctor and got prescribed some medication (Vyvanse) she thought might help.

I have to say, after taking it for about 3 or 4 weeks now, my life has changed dramatically. I legitimately did not know it was possible to live like this (without a caffeine dependency and not feeling inadequate because I couldn't retain anything I was looking at) and I'm honestly shocked I've made it as far as I have without this type of help. I actually retain the things I read at work, I don't constantly feel like I'm going to fall asleep, and I feel like my studying has improved after work and over the weekends as well. I know some people take those medications when they may not really need them but I am glad I decided to see what was out there because it has helped me a ton. Just my experience and I can't speak for everyone but so far, this has worked well for me.

tl;dr If you legitimately need them, study drugs can really help!



Recommended Resources:

1. LSAT Courses

The best of my LSAT material with exclusive access to attend my Live Online LSAT Master Classes + Q&As, and on-demand video lessons you can watch anytime. Plus, LSAT study plans to keep you on track. Save hundreds of dollars with an LSAT course package.

2. Logical Reasoning Explanations
The explanations that should have come with the LSAT. These don't just fall back on "out of scope," but actually tell you why the wrong answers are wrong, why the right answers are right, and the easiest way to get the correct answer.

3. Logical Reasoning Cheat Sheet
Based on what I'd typically do in college: read what the professor emphasized and condense it all onto a single piece of paper. It gave me a quick reference, making things a lot less threatening and a lot more manageable.



3 surprising discoveries about LSAT prep

Today, I'm going to do something different. Something other LSAT pros don't typically do.

It'll be my gift to you - a "thank-you" for choosing to invest your time with me by continuing to read my articles.

I'm going to share three surprising discoveries that helped me gain a deep understanding of the LSAT mindset. 

Here's how I developed the critical thinking skills necessary to improve my score from the low 150s to 175:

Surprising Discovery #1: It's All About the Review


Back when I was studying for the LSAT, I took exam after exam, trusting in the saying "practice makes perfect.

Turns out, there's much more to it than that.

And when it comes to LSAT prep, the more you "practice," the more your score might drop!

After all, burnout is real. And taking exams without learning from mistakes is worse than doing nothing because you waste time studying that you could've been using productively. It also uses up valuable practice material.

Think about the last time you took a full-length exam. How long did you spend reviewing it? And what did you get out of the process?

What do you think most people do? And what do they learn from taking exams, aside from how much "room for improvement" they have?

When everyone else zigs, you have to zag. That means doing the deep work necessary to understand the test from the test-makers' perspective. My improvements came after I took fewer exams and reviewed them in more depth.

Sometimes you have to slow down to speed up.



Surprising Discovery #2: Action over Perfection

After getting discouraged by my repeated low scores, I'd fall into procrastination traps and stop doing questions altogether. Instead, I'd just read random blogs and forums, hoping for the one key insight that would change everything.

It turned out that the key insights - the ones that skyrocketed my scores into the 170s - didn't come from page 11 of some message board thread. They came from mastering the process of test preparation. Not being afraid to fail.

In fact, I started seeing my low scores and incorrect answers as learning opportunities to deepen my understanding. To see the patterns in my mistakes. To spot all the tricks the test-makers use.

The more questions I got wrong, the more I learned.

Action over Perfection.



Surprising Discovery #3: FUN

Studying for the LSAT doesn't have to be boring. And it doesn't have to make you feel stupid. In fact, I found myself more engaged - and even excited to study when I started treating it like a joke.

Of course, I took the preparation process seriously, but I found things about the exam to laugh at. Like the ridiculous names and topics they use in Logic Games. Or the weirdly flawed arguments that no one would ever make it real life.

Once I started to notice that the LSAT's test-makers are basically trolling us a lot of the time, I started to ENJOY studying because it gave me a chance to call them out on their BS.

So I made a fun little quiz where I put LSAT and Kanye quotes side by side --
LSAT vs. Kanye
And ask you to tell who said each.

Because, let's face it, sometimes the LSAT says things that make you go, "Uhhhhhh.....WTF?" 

And so do politicians and celebrities (like Kanye)!
Believe it or not, getting a perfect score on this isn't as easy as it might sound at first. (A lot of people got #8 wrong.)

Kanye wasn't the only one making flawed or strange statements, though.

I even started noticing flawed arguments that my friends and family made! At first, I made the mistake of pointing this out and causing some unnecessary conflicts, but I learned to keep some of these thoughts to myself and save those insights for my LSAT prep.

As part of my review process, I started looking at LSAT arguments and making analogies to real-world situations.

Once I started seeing the exam that way, I began to enjoy the LSAT prep process(!), and my score started to rise.

Do you see how this could totally change how you study for the LSAT?

What would change for you if you started to legitimately have fun studying for the LSAT during those the 5, 10, 15, or 20+ hours a week you're investing?

What if you could make real-world analogies to the crazy arguments the LSAT contains? And what if it got to the point where you actually enjoyed studying?

When you focus on the stuff that truly makes a difference in your prep, and have fun doing so, you'll get results that surprise everyone, including yourself.

These subtle mindshift shifts are where the magic happens. It's not about memorizing some company's trademarked "trick" or unique diagramming style. It's all about a few subtle mindset shifts:

First, you can take exam after exam. But it doesn't matter if you don't learn anything from your mistakes. So you'd better figure out what you're doing wrong so you can fix it and improve for next time.

Second, browsing forums with all the other procrastinators else kills motivation and wastes time. Ask yourself what insights you're gaining from your time online? What if you had to justify your time spent to your boss? If you don't have a good answer, it's time to adjust your approach.

Third - and this is my favorite - you can ENJOY the process and learn to love the LSAT. It's a complete rewiring of how we typically think about the exam. But it makes all the difference. Once you look forward to studying, everything will change for you.

So, you have a choice today. I’m not going to beat you over the head telling you the dozens of reasons to join the LSAT courses.

I could tell you how what I offer is different than any other prep course out there. I could also show you all the tactics, tools, and strategies I use to help students achieve 15+ score increases and break into the 170s, even for the toughest cases.

But here's the one thing that matters:


You’re reading a 1,000+ word article about the LSAT.



There are a million other things you could be doing right now. But you've chosen to keep reading my articles for a reason.

If you choose not to join, that's ok -- I’ll still keep sharing free material that’s better than what you'll find in anyone else’s paid courses.

You could try to do this on your own and do what most students do. Buy a few books, hit the library, and give it your best shot.

But here's how I think about it......once you’ve decided to commit to improving your LSAT score, wouldn’t you want to give yourself every advantage possible? Wouldn't you want to get all the help you could?

And when you’ve made the decision to learn and improve, wouldn’t you want to learn from the person whose material you’re reading right now?

If so, I’d like to invite you to join.

Click here to join and improve your LSAT score today.

-Steve



P.S. As a member, you'll get the tools, tactics, and strategies I've previously shared with only my one-on-one students - including the exact step-by-step system I've used to help thousands increase their scores into the 160s and 170s. You'll also get early exclusive access to my premium materials as I create them. Join now.

P.P.S. Joining the courses is 100% risk-free. That means you can try them out for a month, then decide if they're right for you. If you don't love them, just let me know and I'll refund all your money. But I'm confident they'll help you improve your LSAT score and get into the law school of your dreams.


How I finally started studying for the LSAT

Studying for the LSAT is really hard.

And, because it's hard, other things always seemed to "get in the way."

I spent days crossing off all the easier things on my to-do list.

There was always my email to check, news feeds, and another episode or three of something to binge-watch.

Even cleaning my room seemed more appealing. At least it didn't make me feel stupid.

It took me MONTHS to go from:

THINKING about studying --------------------------------------------> ACTUALLY studying.
Somewhere along that arrow is what separates people CAPABLE of getting high scores from those who actually ***GET*** high scores.


Here's how I did it:

* I put my cell phone on Airplane mode.

People were not allowed to contact me (and I was not allowed to contact other people) during "study time."


* I turned off my computer's WiFi (or didn't even bring it with me).
I'd typically go to the library or a cafe, and I would pre-load whatever websites / PDFs I "needed to study."

Even better, I PRINTED OUT what I needed aside from physical LSAT books and left the computer at home. The Internet has more non-LSAT distractions than actual useful LSAT stuff.


* I gave myself small rewards during study breaks.

A lot of the LSAT books I read were really, really boring. And my brain needed a break from doing LSAT sections every once in a while. So I promised myself rewards for getting through a chapter of a book, or a section of the LSAT.




Some people reward themselves with junk food, 1,000+ calorie lattes, or alcohol.

Sure, I probably had a bit too much of those back when I was studying, but I usually picked a different "poison..."


I rewarded myself by...............

watching an episode of Chappelle's Show.
Chappelle's Show

Remember Dave Chappelle?

It might sound silly, but I really got a kick out of watching him as a break from my studying. I just needed something light after all those boring and serious questions about heart disease and dinosaur extinction.

So, give it a try sometime. If not that, maybe the Kardashians?

Anyway, I'll leave you with one of my favorite skits from Chappelle's Show. (Totally NSFW, yet hilarious!)


http://www.cc.com/video-clips/iuegla/chappelle-s-show-charlie-murphy-s-true-hollywood-stories---rick-james-pt--1---uncensored


Peace,
Steve


P.S. I also used these EXACT strategies years later when I wrote over 1000+ LSAT explanations. That's how well they worked.


P.P.S. Check out my YouTube playlist to get some of my best LSAT motivation videos.


Recommended Resources:

1. LSAT Courses
The best of my LSAT material with exclusive access to attend my Live Online LSAT Master Classes + Q&As, and on-demand video lessons you can watch anytime. Plus, LSAT study plans to keep you on track. Save hundreds of dollars with an LSAT course package.

2. LSAT Day-By-Day Study Plans
Preparing for the LSAT is confusing. There are dozens of prep books and practice tests out there, and 1,000+ articles on my website alone. When, and how, should you use them all? These super-specific study plans give you a clear plan of attack.

3. LSAT Cheat Sheets
Based on what I'd typically do in college: read what the professor emphasized and condense it all onto a single piece of paper. It gave me a quick reference, making things a lot less threatening and a lot more manageable.


how to do timed LSAT practice tests

Steve here, and I'm going to share some tips on how to do timed practice tests.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

In the LSAT study schedules, I recommend you include extra sections when you're doing your full-length practice exams.

Why would I recommend such a cruel and difficult task?

Because LSAC uses test-takers as lab rats.

Or maybe they ARE lab rats.
LSAC Lab Rats
The bottom line:

They include an unscored experimental section on the LSAT and don't tell you which one it is.

Because if you knew which one it was, you'd probably take a nap to recuperate between the sections you care about - the scored ones.

So, instead of practicing with 4 sections like you see in your LSAT exams, practice with 5 sections.

But which extra section do you use, and where do you it in your practice test?

Two main approaches:

1. Rotate the type of "extra" section you use.

2. Make the extra section(s) the one you like the least.


For most people, a combination of the two is probably best.


But if you want to get REALLY CRAZY...
Add in 2 extra sections, making it a total of 6 sections.

Don't do this too often because you don't want to burn out.

But, for some of you crazies (and people pushing for super-high scores), it could be helpful to build endurance by doing one section more than you'll do on the actual test.



In case you haven't guessed, I've thought about simulating Test Day a LOT. It's why made an entire series of LSAT and Test Day Checklists.

It's because I want to make sure you're thinking about these things. The checklists include all the little items and details students don't usually think of. They hold you accountable and help you make sure you're not missing anything.

In my next email, I'll share the techniques I used to stay motivated back when I was studying for the LSAT.

-Steve


P.S. If you want to find out more about how to prepare for Test Day and make sure you're not missing anything, get the LSAT and Test Day checklists now. Nobody thinks it'll happen to them, but people experience significant "test day drops" ALL THE TIME.
LSAT Test Day Drop
LSAT Test Day Drop
LSAT Test Day Drop
Most "score drops" are due to at least 1 of 2 major factors:

1. Nerves/anxiety

2. Failure to properly simulate Test Day conditions

And both of these are completely preventable!


Until next time,

LSAT Steve



LSAT advice: no waking up at 4AM to study

Just wanted to share with you one of the best productivity hacks I've discovered:

"Morning ME Time"


I am.....I try to be a morning person.

For years, I've been hearing about how successful CEOs wake up early to get stuff done.

Even Benjamin Franklin 
is quoted to have said:
LSAT Morning
 
"Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man (or woman) healthy, wealthy, and wise get a top LSAT score."


What I didn't realize is:


***They're not doing their most difficult work for that day while still sleep-drunk and in PJs.***


Instead, they take the time to have coffee, read the paper, exercise, meditate, etc., THEN go to their office and start their workday.


When I first tried waking up early to cram more LSAT hours into my day...I found I wasn't getting much out of those hours.

Things just wouldn't click. My brain wouldn't work as quickly as I needed it to.

Looking back, this actually shouldn't be that surprising.

Turns out, being "sleep-drunk" is a real thing.

Researchers found:


"For a short period, at least, the effects of sleep inertia may be as bad as or worse than being legally drunk..."


If you can't do LSAT questions when you're sober, how can you do them while you're drunk?

So after learning this, I changed things up.

Now, for the first two hours after waking up, I let myself do pretty much whatever I want (work out, read news, check email).

Since making this change to observe "Morning ME Time," I've inadvertently gotten:

* More relaxed.

* A ton of extra reading and exercise done.

* Increased length of concentration when I DO work.


To find out how to fit LSAT studying into your day (without being sleep drunk, or just plain drunk)...

Read the full article on Finding Time for LSAT Prep  --->

Sincerely,
Steve Schwartz


P.S. Have you downloaded my free Easy LSAT cheat sheet yet? 

Recommended Resources:

1. LSAT Courses

The best of my LSAT material with exclusive access to attend my Live Online LSAT Master Classes + Q&As, and on-demand video lessons you can watch anytime. Plus, LSAT study plans to keep you on track. Save hundreds of dollars with an LSAT course package.

2. LSAT Day-By-Day Study Plans
Preparing for the LSAT is confusing. There are dozens of prep books and practice tests out there, and 1,000+ articles on my website alone. When, and how, should you use them all? These super-specific study plans give you a clear plan of attack.

3. LSAT Cheat Sheets
Based on what I'd typically do in college: read what the professor emphasized and condense it all onto a single piece of paper. It gave me a quick reference, making things a lot less threatening and a lot more manageable.



LSAT Logical Reasoning Advice - Understanding Quickly

To understand LSAT Logical Reasoning quickly, here's some advice:

To start with, identify the conclusion of the argument. Then the evidence and any subconclusions. Also, counterpremises, etc. You want to identify all parts of the argument and see how they fit together. It's not so much about getting the content down as it is about getting the method of reasoning, which is how those parts relate to each other.

One "trick" to get it down faster is to cut out useless filler information bounded between two commas:

"LSAC, which is located in Newtown, produces the LSAT."

Becomes

"LSAC [, which is located in Newtown, ] produces the LSAT."

By reducing the # of words you're dealing with, you save time.

Another trick is to replace a complicated word with its definition or a simpler version of that word. Dumb it down for yourself. Ex. (don't look at the following if you're doing PT64 timed):

The question about microglia in LSAT PrepTest 64, Section 3, Question 17 - whenever you see "microglia" in the stimulus or answer choices, insert "brain's immune cells" to make it simpler

They even define it for you in-context, but then continue using the more confusing word, microglia.

Sneaky, aren't they?

Anyway, THIS is the kind of analysis you need to be doing - not just taking exam after exam and obsessively measuring your results.

I call this the Obsessive Practice Exam Narrative (OPEN) for a reason.

More on that coming your way soon.

-LSAT Steve





Recommended Resources:

1. LSAT Courses
The best of my LSAT material with exclusive access to attend my Live Online LSAT Master Classes + Q&As, and on-demand video lessons you can watch anytime. Plus, LSAT study plans to keep you on track. Save hundreds of dollars with an LSAT course package.

2. LSAT Day-By-Day Study Plans
Preparing for the LSAT is confusing. There are dozens of prep books and practice tests out there, and 1,000+ articles on my website alone. When, and how, should you use them all? These super-specific study plans give you a clear plan of attack.

3. LSAT Checklists
All the little items and details students don't usually think of. They hold you accountable and help you make sure you're not missing anything.