Is sitting down *actually* killing you?

My brain's kinda messed up from too much LSAT, so I can't help noticing potential correlation/causation flaws in the evidence related to these claims.

Can't help it. It's just who I am now.


For example...


"Obese people sit for 2.5 more hours per day than thin people."

Didja ever stop to think that maybe they sit because they're obese???

This is one of those alternate possibilities to consider when dealing with correlation/causation arguments.

Instead of the conditional statement:

>>>>>>>>>> sitting ---> obese 

(if you sit too much, you will become obese)


It might be:

>>>>>>>>>> obese ---> sit

(if you are obese, you'll sit more)


Think about it:

Standing and running around is hard when you weigh more. Just try wearing a weighted vest for 5 minutes and see what it feels like.


When I saw this infographic, it reminded me that I DO sit a lot.

Maybe you do too, if you use a computer a lot...or you're studying for the LSAT.

So consider this a reminder not to sit for too long.

One thing that can help is a standing desk.

I got this one a few years ago and love it.
standing desk
If you get one, just make sure to get into standing while working / on your computer gradually, and don't make the mistake of standing *too* much at a time.

Personally, I alternate between standing and sitting.

Some people go a step further and actually use treadmill desks!
I think that's more than a bit of overkill, but...bottom line:

exercise is good, so take a break from the books every once in a while to stretch your legs.


If you don't want to walk for hours, a standing desk might be a step in the right direction (no pun intended).


Got some LSAT knowledge coming your way next time, so...

Stay tuned,
LSAT Steve


Recommended Resources:

1. LSAT Courses

The best of my LSAT material with exclusive access to attend my Live Online LSAT Master Classes + Q&As, and on-demand video lessons you can watch anytime. Plus, LSAT study plans to keep you on track. Save hundreds of dollars with an LSAT course package.

2. LSAT Day-By-Day Study Plans
Preparing for the LSAT is confusing. There are dozens of prep books and practice tests out there, and 1,000+ articles on my website alone. When, and how, should you use them all? These super-specific study plans give you a clear plan of attack.

3. LSAT Cheat Sheets
Based on what I'd typically do in college: read what the professor emphasized and condense it all onto a single piece of paper. It gave me a quick reference, making things a lot less threatening and a lot more manageable.



good news about the LSAT (and conditional tips)

LSAT PrepTests 66-present are the only ones with the 2-page layout for Logic Games.

Before PrepTest 66, each exam only gave you one page per LG and related Qs. Then they started giving you two. Isn't that awesome?


So if you're studying from older exams and worrying about the amount of space you get...
LSAT Logic Games 1-Page Layout
worry no longer.

LSAT Logic Games 2-Page Layout
Awesome, right?


And now with the Digital LSAT, you get booklet of scratch paper (about 12-14 pages, 8.5 x 11, unlined). More than enough space to draw all your diagrams. And you can use it for all sections (not just games).

**


I used a tricky "conditional indicator phrase" in the first sentence of this article.

Did you catch it?


Look again:

*LSAT PrepTests 66-present are the only ones with the 2-page layout for Logic Games.*


It's "the only."


"The only" is a sufficient condition indicator, and it creates a conditional statement.

Whatever immediately follows "the only" is our sufficient condition, and the other part of the sentence becomes the necessary condition indicator....



So let's take the example:

"I'll go to law school only if I score 170+."

We could change this to:

"The only way I'll go to law school if I score 170+."

or.

"Scoring 170+ is the only reason I'll go to law school."



All of these statements are diagrammed as:

"Go to law school ---> 170+"

And the contrapositive would be:

"NOT 170+ ---> NOT Law School"
That's all for now. 

If you're looking for more help, my LSAT guides cover these kinds of basic concepts in plain English.

(I never resort to using complicated phrases like "temporal flaw" or other such nonsense.)


And if you're having trouble with anything, just reach out - I read every message, and I'll try to cover your question in a future article.


Talk soon,
Steve Schwartz




LSAT Score Fluctuations (how to avoid)

"My scores fluctuate pretty wildly. I've been taking a bunch of practice tests. I find myself scoring a bit higher on more recent ones, but I'm doing the earlier ones and my scores dropped a bit. Should I be concerned? Would you happen to have any tips for improvements? I'm really aiming for a 175+."



Scores fluctuate. It happens. It's real. I don't know why. Well, actually I do know why, and the answer is chance.

Scores fluctuate because you are not the same person on any given day. And not all exams are equal in nature. Some are harder than others - the exam is equated, so it's not as if they are meant to be harder.

Also, you're not equally good at all things. You're better at some and worse at others. So if you hate Reading Comp passages on science and your LSAT has an easy science RC passage, you might be fine. Then if the LSAT you take another time has a harder science RC passage, you might get a bit flustered by that and do poorly.


Same goes if there's a weird curveball Logic Game that you're not that familiar with. So if you haven't done any pattern games in a while and you suddenly get one, your score is going to drop. Next time, no pattern game, your score improves. Or maybe you're tired or hungover when you do one exam and you're fresh and energetic the next time.


That causes score fluctuations. So you stay consistent by being good at everything they can throw at you and you stay consistent by making sure that you are the best possible version of yourself at all times. What that means is that you sleep well, you get good exercise, you meditate, you eat well, you get outside, you relax, you do all the stuff that you know you should be doing and you get pumped.


So you have an LSAT Test Day motivation playlist and you've listened to podcasts. You watch movies that are positive and upbeat and get you in the right mindset. So maybe you're watching Rocky or Friday Night Lights. Those are two of my favorites. Maybe you listen to Jock Jams and Eye of the Tiger. You go on YouTube and you watch 40 inspirational speeches in two minutes, or you listen to guided meditations (playlist). 


So you're doing that stuff consistently. You're doing it every day without fail. You block off time in your schedule to do this. And so every practice test you take, you are feeling pumped up. You have the sleep you need, and you have shored up all your weak areas, everything possible. And so when you take your exams, you'll be in good shape. 


And so, if maybe over the past few weeks you, maybe you go out late one Friday night cause you just needed a break. You had a few too many drinks, then you go take a full length exam Saturday morning cause you feel like you should, even though you're probably not feeling that great and maybe it's not the best use of your time and you're better off sleeping a few more hours, guess what?


The test doesn't go well for you and it's because you're hungover. Your mind is cloudy and honestly you have no one to blame but yourself and I'm sorry to tell you that. But alcohol, drugs, these are not things that you have room for in your life right now if you want to achieve your maximum potential.

For more, I've got an entire playlist focused on LSAT Test Day prep here -----> and several articles on LSAT Test Day prep here ----->




LSAT cram courses - yea or nah?

To be honest, I never took an LSAT prep course.

Back when I was studying, the only options were $1,000-$1,500 (!!!) and didn't work with my schedule. I didn't want to give up my weekends or go to a 3-hour class after a long day of work, and I didn't want to spend all that money.

(I did hire a tutor once, but he made me feel like an idiot. Part of me worried the same thing would happen in a prep class with other people - which would be even worse!)

BUT...

I do work with a lot of students who come to me after they've taken courses, and I also get emails asking about courses.

Including a recent one asking:


"Should I take a course that ends right before the test?"


*** MY RESPONSE ***
From what I've seen, most people fall behind with the homework during prep courses.

And it's also good to let things digest.

A lot of these courses try to cram EVERYTHING into a couple dozen hours, and they're geared towards people working full-time.

This means courses are usually at night when you're already tired.

So, if you take a course, give yourself plenty of time after it ends to review things on your own before you take the test.

Thing is, this all depends on whether you have time to study more after the course ends.

In general, I recommend spending at least some time looking at LSAT books before deciding whether to take a course. It's worth thinking about whether self-study might be a better idea before dropping a large chunk of change.

Por ejemplo....

if you have no experience with this stuff, but "hate, hate, hate Reading Comp," keep in mind that most courses spend less time on RC (less demand for courses to cover it) and more time on other sections. They also tend to speed through Logical Reasoning because they want to cover all the question-types, but they just don't have enough time to do it properly.


One of the reasons I created my own courses was to avoid all these issues. You can just work through everything at your own pace when it's most convenient for you. And you can watch (and re-watch) course videos until you understand each topic fully.

But if you do decide to take one of those in-person courses, and -

if you want to know WHAT to do in those weeks after the course ends...

here's a technique borrowed from my LSAT course:
I recommend spending most of that time doing full-length tests, starting with a few 4-section tests, and then several 5-section tests.

To avoid burnout, space out full-length timed PrepTests (like not doing 2 in one day, and not doing full-lengths 2 days in a row.)

It's annoying that LSAC only publishes 4-section tests and doesn't give people an experimental section.

A lot of people wonder where to get the 5th section, and some people just don't bother with it.

But I don't see any reason you can't (for example) do PrepTests 84, 85, 86, and 87 as full-length 5-section timed exams by splicing in one section from PrepTest 83 into each of each of those.

(I actually recommend something along these lines in my study schedules.)

Anyway, enough about courses - let's move on to one of my least favorite things, addressing your complaints - (I know I should ignore them, but can't help arguing - guess it's that LSAT / lawyer mentality)

Some people have gotten annoyed with me for analyzing real-world situations "LSAT-style." They say it's "filler," that I should spend my time ONLY talking about LSAT problems and concepts.

Thing is, some of you tell me you prefer the real world analyses because you haven't really started studying and just want to dip your toes in the murky LSAT waters.

If I write articles and emails referring to PrepTest XX, Section X, Question XX, many people won't be able to follow along because they don't have their books yet.

I try to respect LSAC's copyright even though I'd be using the LSAT questions for educational purposes. Bottom line: I don't EVER publish actual LSAT questions without LSAC's permission...


Also, I talk and think about the LSAT for about 99% of my waking hours, so it's nice for me to take a break from that but still give you some useful LSAT mindset tips.


More important, though, is most students tell me they like a mix with both LSAT-specific info AND drills that have real-world examples.


So, if you're one of those people who has a problem with me being an actual human being...if you want me to be an LSAT robot and just boringly explain LSAT problems 24 hours a day....I have some news for you:

***Too bad.***
Seriously, please just unsubscribe if you have a problem with this. This is a free article where I'm sharing LSAT strategies and other tips --- if I want to occasionally bring in a real-world example, cut me some slack :)



In fact, I'm going to share another real-world example right now:

>>>>>>>>>> I should eat at that restaurant - after all, it has 5 stars on Yelp!






Conclusion: I should eat at that restaurant.

Evidence (indicated by "after all"): it has 5 stars on Yelp!


Try to think of some potential problems with this argument, as well as some related strengtheners or weakeners.

Then take a look at mine and compare :)

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...


Strengtheners:
- The Yelp reviews are from people who've left lots of other reviews (less likely to be fake).

- My preferences are pretty typical and in line with what most other people like.


Weakeners:
- The Yelp reviews are mostly from people who've only left one or two reviews in the past (more likely to be fake).

- I have weird tastes and usually dislike what other people like.


Notice how each weakener is the opposite of the strengthener - they're kind of like two sides of the same coin :)


Got some questions about diagramming conditional statements recently, so I'll go over those next time :)

And, as always, feel free to reach out with any LSAT stuff you wanna know. I'm a real person and read every message myself.

-Steve Schwartz - LSAT Strengthener



Recommended Resources:

1. LSAT Courses

The best of my LSAT material with exclusive access to attend my Live Online LSAT Master Classes + Q&As, and on-demand video lessons you can watch anytime. Plus, LSAT study plans to keep you on track. Save hundreds of dollars with an LSAT course package.

2. Logical Reasoning Explanations
The explanations that should have come with the LSAT. These don't just fall back on "out of scope," but actually tell you why the wrong answers are wrong, why the right answers are right, and the easiest way to get the correct answer.

3. Logical Reasoning Cheat Sheet
Based on what I'd typically do in college: read what the professor emphasized and condense it all onto a single piece of paper. It gave me a quick reference, making things a lot less threatening and a lot more manageable.



Overseas LSAT vs. North American LSAT + LSAT-India

"Any differences in tests administered in the US and those outside the US? I got another one also about the Asia test? Is there any difference between overseas and North America? I assume there wouldn't be any, but still wanted to ask someone with more expertise just to be sure."

It turns out that there is a difference -- in that it's not the same test form.


If you get a circle game about monkeys, someone in Asia might get a pure sequencing game about clowns - you get yours and they get theirs and there's no overlap.

So the people who are taking the test overseas a month from now, or a week from now, whatever it is, or they're taking the Sabbath observers' tests, it's not as if they're going to get advanced knowledge on the internet from everyone taking it now and everyone taking it on your test date.

So don't worry. Nothing unfair is happening here. The test is exactly the same in nature in that it's meant to be of equal difficulty. They're also going to have one Logic Games section, one Reading Comp section, two Logical Reasoning sections, and the experimental. And they'll also have the 35-minute constraint, and everything else will be pretty much the same. 

As a bit of LSAC trivia, the LSAT-India exam is a little bit different in that that's a test administered for law as an undergrad-level degree. Whereas in North America, the LSAT is used for admission to law as a graduate-level degree and program. So for that reason, the LSAT India only has four answer choices per question, whereas everyone else for the regular grad-level LSAT has five answer choices per question.

So if you ever come across LSAT-India practice exams, you might notice that small difference, but that's pretty much it. One reason LSAC doesn't release every test administered is because they want to save some exams, i.e. some test forms, to use for overseas administrations and to use for Sabbath observers, or if something goes wrong due to the weather and they have to delay by a few weeks.

There's no benefit to taking it one location or another. It really just depends ultimately on which is the best test center for you.

I saw one photo where test-takers in India (taking the LSAT-India) they seemed pretty crammed in small desks very close together.

LSAT India Test Center

Maybe certain test centers in other big cities could be just as crowded and maybe not the nicest facilities. I've heard reports from students taking the LSAT in places like Beijing and Rome, and I've heard reports that those test centers might not be the nicest.

Do your research. There is an advantage to taking the LSAT when your test center is going to be relatively nicer.




"What non-LSAT materials should I read?"

I get this question ALL THE TIME.

And it drives me crazy.

There are DOZENS of released exams - meaning there are HUNDREDS of Reading Comp passages available to you.

Did you read them all yet? If not, you should.

Here's some Tough Love:

Reading The Economist or The Atlantic is fun, but those are WAY easier than LSAT passages. Because they're not PURPOSELY trying to mess with you.

LSAT passages are meant to test your ability to read between the lines - as if you were a lawyer going over a contract (where the other party might be trying to screw you over).

They take everyday writing and purposely BORING-IFY it.


Here's some proof - I looked up their source material for a random passage (Test 30, passage #4), that was ADAPTED from a New York Times book review.

I compared the passage to the original NYTimes article, and saw that NYTimes article included things like:

>>>>>>> Naturally, she would ask, "Do you remember anybody growing rice?"

-and-

>>>>>>> Here is another discussion that I wish the author had placed in the text


You'll never see language that simple in these books.

Boring LSAT Books

If you don't believe me, go check out some actual LSAT passages (p23-31) right now to see how ridiculous they can be!


So, if you have lots of time to study, start with the very oldest and work your way forward. Once you do enough of them, you'll see that they have a specific format --- just like Logic Games.

You could even read a bunch untimed, just to get a sense of how they're constructed - how's that for some lazy beach reading?


For Logical Reasoning, actual Logical Reasoning stimuli are always best (again, start with older ones and move forward), but reading in general on the side can help also, a little - if you don't count it as real "study time."

I like A Rulebook for Arguments in particular. Aside from that, try to make reading a part of your life in general should help with your reading comprehension overall.

Pop-sci books (like Freakonomics and Steven Pinker's work) are chock-full of arguments addressing correlation/causation issues, alternative causes/explanations, etc.

These are great just to increase your comfort level and familiarity with the types of arguments you typically see on the LSAT. The benefit over the long term? Increased speed of comprehension.



Here's another idea:

While actual LSAT PrepTests are still always the best, if you're looking for additional LSAT-style "activities", you could analyze real-world arguments and advertisements, then poke holes in their logic.

Next time, I'll share how I found potential flaws in an advertisement, and how you can do the same.

Logically yours,
Steve


Recommended Resources:

1. LSAT Courses
The best of my LSAT material with exclusive access to attend my Live Online LSAT Master Classes + Q&As, and on-demand video lessons you can watch anytime. Plus, LSAT study plans to keep you on track. Save hundreds of dollars with an LSAT course package.

2. LSAT Day-By-Day Study Plans
Preparing for the LSAT is confusing. There are dozens of prep books and practice tests out there, and 1,000+ articles on my website alone. When, and how, should you use them all? These super-specific study plans give you a clear plan of attack.

3. LSAT Cheat Sheets
Based on what I'd typically do in college: read what the professor emphasized and condense it all onto a single piece of paper. It gave me a quick reference, making things a lot less threatening and a lot more manageable.